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Waves upon the shore

01 - John's Commission

It began with a vision ...

KEEP:

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This conclusion does not depend on a single verse. It depends on how Jesus, Paul, and John describe the same end-time realities from different angles—especially how Jesus presents them in Matthew 24.
 

Matthew 24: Jesus’ Prophecy of the End of the Age (also Mark 13:1-36, Luke 21:8-36)

With the exception of a brief descriptive pause, Jesus presents the events of the end of the age in a largely chronological progression, moving from warning signs to tribulation, judgment, and separation:

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  • Matthew 24:4–8 — Conditions leading up to the Tribulation, described as the beginning of birth pains

  • Matthew 24:9–14 — Conditions associated with the first half of the Tribulation, during which God’s wrath is already present but has not yet entered the period of unparalleled distress

  • Matthew 24:15–26 — The second half of the Tribulation, or the Great Tribulation, defined by the distress of those days following the Abomination of Desolation

  • Matthew 24:27–28 — A description of the nature of the Second Coming: sudden, visible, and unmistakable (not a chronological marker)

  • Matthew 24:29 — Cosmic upheaval describing the climactic outpouring of wrath within the Tribulation, corresponding to the bowl judgments and culminating in the seventh bowl during the post-distress period described in Daniel 12:11

  • Matthew 24:30–44 — Separation imagery that reflects the Harvest of the Earth described later in Revelation 14:14–16 and Jesus’ own harvest parables (Matthew 13:24–30; 36–43), not the Rapture


In this framework, God’s wrath spans the entire Tribulation, but the “distress of those days” in Matthew 24:29 refers specifically to the Great Tribulation, while the bowl judgments represent the climactic and unrestrained execution of that wrath before Christ’s return. Under this reading, Matthew 24:29 is not a warning and not a transition. It describes the conditions of judgment once the distress of the Great Tribulation has fully run its course. That fits naturally with the bowl judgments in Revelation, which are poured out on those who continue to rebel even after unmistakable divine signs have been given.


Suddenness Does Not Require Ignorance
Jesus repeatedly emphasizes suddenness and separation in Matthew 24:36–44, but sudden does not mean sign-less. It means unexpected in outcome, not unexplained in advance. Paul uses the same imagery when he describes the Day of the Lord coming “like a thief in the night.” The metaphor highlights surprise, not identical experience.

Scripture consistently applies this language differently depending on the audience. For those in darkness, it means judgment. For those who belong to the day, it means deliverance. The issue is not whether events unfold beforehand, but who those events fall upon.

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REMOVE:

 

John was called the "apostle whom Jesus loved" meaning there was a deep relationship.  He was the only Apostle to not be martyred, although some would say that this exile was a close second.  His writing unveiled a mystery long hidden, and its subject and source is Jesus Christ.  There is no revelation without Jesus Christ. Often referred to as end-time prophecy, it outlines the Second Coming of Jesus Christ as King/Judge, what happens at the End-of-Days regarding this Earth's history and it explains the events that occur during the period known as the Tribulation [God's wrath and judgment against sin is poured out upon those remaining on the Earth]. 

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"Be assured, my brethren, the more real Jesus Christ is to us the more power there will be in our religion." - C. H. Spurgeon

 

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PROLOGUE - Revelation 1:1-3

 

Revelation 1:1 "The revelation from Jesus Christ, which God gave him to show his servants what must soon take place. He made it known by sending his angel to his servant John," 

  • "revelation" - This Greek word, "apocalypsis," means "to unveil or to reveal something that was hidden." The book's prophecy does not originate from human will but from the Holy Spirit (2 Peter 1:20-21). John's writings unveil the manifestation of the Kingdom of Heaven through Jesus the Messiah, including the disbursement of holy justice upon sin and death. Like the other prophets in the Holy Bible, John is speaking to those who will listen, a message given directly through the Holy Spirit, by an angel and by Jesus Christ directly.  Prophecy is a witness to God through faith before events happen and through fulfillment after events occur. (John 14:28-29); The Transfiguration hinted at the glory of Jesus (Matthew 17:1-13); Jesus Christ is the subject and the source of revelation.

  • "servant" - Greek "doúlos" means "a bond servant" as in one who serves by their own free will due to their love for their master.

  • "soon" - Greek "tachos" means "speed". It focuses not to measure duration, but velocity; the rapid and sudden unfolding of events. The implication is that once the revealed breaking of the first seal on the scroll of judgment happens then all other events will happen relatively quickly. It is estimated that John wrote this book in exile on the Isle of Patmos in 95 AD. To the human mind, 2,400 years is not soon.

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Revelation 1:2 "who testifies to everything he saw—that is, the word of God and the testimony of Jesus Christ. " 

  • these are the two most important things

  • John uses these two things as the same source of trust and strength to courageous proclaim Jesus as the Christ in this revelation as his fellow believers did who were martyred for their faith (Revelation 12:11). He repeats these words as the reason he is on the Island of Patmos (Revelation 1:9)

 

Revelation 1:3 "Blessed is the one who reads aloud the words of this prophecy, and blessed are those who hear it and take to heart what is written in it, because the time is near."

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  • "blessed" - Greek "mararios" means "an extended benefit or provision."

  • "take to heart" - Greek "tereo" means "to heed, observe, guard, watch over and preserve."

  • "the time is near" - This is the warning. Unlike the reference to "soon" above, "time" in Greek "kairos" means "an opportune moment" referring to quality, not quantity as in "chronos" (Psalm 90:4 - "A thousand years in your sight [YHWH] are like a day that has just gone by, or like a watch in the night."); This conveys an event or events that happened outside of your control so understand what this opportunity means for your benefit because tomorrow is not guaranteed (Proverbs 27:1, Matthew 6:34, James 4:13-14). The Book of Revelation outlines these events as "near" in both an immediate and futuristic sense.

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GREETINGS - Revelation 1:4-6

 

Revelation 1:4 "John, To the seven ekklesia in the province of Asia: Grace and peace to you from him who is, and who was, and who is to come, and from the seven spirits before his throne,"

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"ekklesia" - this word does not have the same meaning as the modern day "church". (See Ekklesia explanation.)

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John references the Trinity (see Triune God section):

  • God / Lord God / Father (see God the Father section)

    • Revelation reveals His divine name "YHWH" (See Blog 2 - Dwelling of the Name Series)

    • "him who is, and who was, and who is to come"

  • Holy Spirit (see God the Holy Spirit section)

    • Revelation reveals His supernatural activity

    • "the seven spirits before the throne" (See Blog 10 - Dwelling of the Name Series)

 

Revelation 1:5-6 "5 and from Jesus Christ, who is the faithful witness, the firstborn from the dead, and the ruler of the kings of the earth. To him who loves us and has freed us from our sins by his blood, 6 and has made us to be a kingdom and priests to serve his God and Father—to him be glory and power for ever and ever! Amen."

 

  • Jesus Christ (see God the Son section) - These are the qualities the answer why Jesus deserves our reverence and worship.

    • Reveals His greatness and worthiness:

      • "the faithful witness [his testimony and life while on earth]" (John 18:37)

      • "the firstborn of the dead [his resurrection]" - the first to exhibit the new life to believers will experience

      • "ruler of the kings of the earth [his second coming]"

    • Reveals His actions toward his followers:

      • "loves us" - us = "believers in Christ"

      • "freed us from our sin by his blood"

      • "made us a kingdom and priests to serve his God and Father

  • "To him" - The Apostle Paul founded these seven ekklesia that were in close proximity to Patmos. John may have addressed Revelation to these ekklesia, but he dedicated the letter to Jesus.

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VISION OF SECOND COMING - Revelation 1:7-8

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Revelation 1:7 - "Look, he is coming with the clouds and every eye will see him, even those who pierced him; and all peoples on earth will mourn because of him. So shall it be! Amen." (Daniel 7:13, Zechariah 12:10, Matthew 24:30, Matthew 26:64, John 19:34-37, Acts 1:9-11)

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Revelation 1:8 - “I am the Alpha and the Omega,” says the Lord God, “who is, and who was, and who is to come, the Almighty.” 

  • Alpha and Omega are the first and last letters in the Greek Alphabet. It reflects all knowledge and that Jesus is "the Logos" or first cause, the ultimate concept of truth. (John 1:1)  Plato taught that "the Word" was unreachable and unknowable; it was the source of all rational thought.  Jesus spoke the first words of creation and He will speak the final words of the new creation. Isaiah 44:6 states "“This is what the LORD [Yahweh] says — Israel’s King [this is the pre-incarnate Jesus Christ] and Redeemer [as in Kinsman-Redeemer that takes back a claim], the LORD Almighty ['Yahweh Tzeva-ot' means the Lord of Hosts or Commander of the Lord's army, see Joshua 5:13-15, Psalm 33:13-16]: I am the first and I am the last; apart from me [one of three parts to identify the Triune God] there is no God [Elohim]." (Deuteronomy 6:3-4)

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  • The use of the name LORD God [YHWH Elohim] implies that John is identifying Jesus as God [the Son]. (See Blog 11 - The Dwelling of the Name series)

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  • Jesus was accused of blasphemy [desecration of God's name] by the Sanhedrin for claiming He was the Son of God. (Matthew 26:63-66, John 5:16-18, John 10:22-33)

    • Leviticus 24:15-16 - "15 Say to the Israelites: ‘Anyone who curses their God [Elohim] will be held responsible; 16 anyone who blasphemes the name of the LORD [YHWH] is to be put to death. The entire assembly must stone them. Whether foreigner or native-born, when they blaspheme the Name they are to be put to death.

    • Exodus 22:28 - "Do not blaspheme God or curse the ruler of your people."

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COMMISSIONING IN HIS PRESENCE - Revelation 1:9-19

 

Revelation 1:9 "I, John, your brother and companion in the suffering and kingdom and patient endurance that are ours in Jesus, was on the island of Patmos because of the word of God and the testimony of Jesus."

 

  • In 95 AD, John the Apostle was told by Jesus to write this letter to seven ekklesia in Asia Minor while John was exiled on the Island of Patmos by the Roman government for preaching the Gospel of Jesus Christ. These letters are not just addressing the ekklesia at that time, but also address and apply to the hearts of all who read these letters in Revelation.

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Revelation 1:10-11 "On the Lord’s Day I was in the Spirit, and I heard behind me a loud voice like a trumpet, which said: “Write on a scroll what you see and send it to the seven churches: to Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamum, Thyatira, Sardis, Philadelphia and Laodicea."

  • "On the Lord's Day" - In the context of Revelation as apocalyptic prophecy, I would interpret this as the same meaning as "the Day of the Lord" or the Second Coming of Jesus Christ referenced in Isaiah 13:6, Joel 2:1 and Amos 5:18. Interestingly, this term was prophesied around 730 BC, 830 BC and 760 BC respectively. There is no specific reference to Sunday, such as "the first day of the week" in John 20:1 nor at any such early stage of church as an organization, that Sunday was exclusively their day of worship and many Jews could still be using their "Sabbath" [Thursday evening to Friday afternoon]. That Jesus was resurrected on Sunday, April 25 34 AD may contribute to its reference as "the Lord's Day". (See Daniel 9 Prophecy for dates)

  • "In the Spirit" - a state of elevated consciousness or being that can transcends physical location and time (Isaiah 6:1-7, Ezekiel 37:1-14, Daniel 10:7-8, 2 Corinthians 12:2-4, Revelation 17:3). Through the Holy Spirit, two of it's spirits are the spirit of wisdom and the spirit of revelation [or understanding]. (Ephesians 1:17-21, Isaiah 11: 1-2)​

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Revelation 1:12 "I turned around to see the voice that was speaking to me. And when I turned I saw seven golden lampstands,"

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Imagery of John's vision:

 

v12-13

  • golden lampstands = v19 represents the seven churches identified in v. 11 (Exodus 25:31-40, Exodus 27:20-21) and their purpose is the hold-up and support the light source. Also, the church is its people, not the building. (1 Peter 2:1-10)

    • Ephesus - founded by Paul with christian Jews fleeing persecution in Israel, devoted and active church; persecuted by synagogues and trade unions. Paul authored a Epistle and Timothy became their chief pastor.

    • Smyrna

    • Pergamum

    • Thyatira

    • Sardis

    • Philadelphia

    • Laodicea - Paul wrote of Archippus

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Revelation 1:13 "and among the lampstands was someone like a son of man,[a] dressed in a robe reaching down to his feet and with a golden sash around his chest."

v13

  • Someone like a son of man walking among the seven lampstands (Matthew 18:19-20)

    • "like a son of man" means in human form or appearance, a human being

    • The seven lampstands are not one menorah.  They are seven distinct and separate lampstands. One could only walk around one menorah, but could walk "among" the many lampstands.

    • v17-18 identify this as the resurrected Jesus Christ

    • John knew Jesus very well. He was one of the Jesus' first disciples, having served under John the Baptist with Andrew, brother Simon [Peter] (John 1:35-41).  Afterward, he lived and was mentored by Jesus for 3 years. Jesus walked the earth as the Lamb of God and the Light of the World; he did not come at that time to judge the world, but to save it. (John 1:6-9, John 3:17, John 12:44-50)

    • In addition, he is know as the "one whom Jesus' loved" (John 13:21-27) and was directed by Jesus to take care of his mother (John 19:25-27). 

    • Also, John first saw a glimpse of the glory and majesty of Jesus during the Transfiguration event (Matthew 17:1-13, Mark 9:2-13, Luke 9:28-36).  The descriptions of Jesus were "the appearance of his face changed ... his face shone like the sun, ... his clothes became dazzling white, whiter than anyone in the world could bleach them,  as bright as a flash of lightning."

    • Other prophets have described Jesus in his heavenly gloried body (Daniel 3:25, 7:13-14, 10:4-6; Ezekiel 1:25-28,

    • Jesus knows what is going on in the church because he is walking in their midst, observing and noting their deeds. (John 1:47-51, John 4:15-18)

  • He wore a robe down to his feet = one element of the Priestly Garments (Exodus 28:31-32)

  • He wore a golden sash around his chest = another element of the Priestly Garments; they wore a sash of many colors for glory and for beauty, but Jesus wore a golden sash, not needing to be spiritually clean and expressing Himself as the priest among priests (Exodus 28:39); Also a sign of royalty / kingship (Isaiah 22:20-21). His golden sash shows that He is King of Kings; Also, the prophets of old wore a leather sash.  How much more is Jesus "the Prophet" as he wears a golden sash of highest authority and that His words are the truest words from God the Father. (Deuteronomy 18:14-22)

  • Since Jesus fulfills a priestly role and walks among the seven lampstands, like the High Priest, he also maintains the lampstands in a similar manner as the High Priests to trim the wicks or refill the oil. In other words, Jesus will exert his authority on the churches, which includes removing the light (Holy Spirit).

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v14

  • His head and hair were white as wool/snow = Jesus as the physical manifestation of God the Father (the Ancient of Days on His holy throne (Daniel 7:9)

  • His eyes were blazing fire = A degree of animation and character that displays someone with power and authority to unleash righteous judgment and refining purification in the direction of its gaze of recognition for righteousness and unrighteousness. Unlike human eyes, which are a lamp to the body and take in what can be see, the Lord's eyes project out His holiness and authority (Job 40:6-11, Psalm 33:18, Psalm 34:12-16, Proverbs 3:7-8, Matthew 6:22, 1 Peter 3:1)​

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v15

  • His feet glowed like bronze in a furnace = a furnace is a symbol of judgment and refinement. Bronze is an alloy of copper with tin that is harder than iron.  When inactive, corrosion starts to turn it from reddish to black and green.  Glowing bronze shows movement and power. Bronze is a symbol of sin and judgment i.e. the bronze snake lifted up, the bronze altar [for sacrifices] and basin ["the Sea" for ritual cleansing] outside the Temple where sacrifices were performed. (Exodus 38:1-8, 29-31, Numbers 21:4-9, 1 Kings 7:13-47)

  • His voice was like rushing water = the emphasis is not on water, but on the consuming loudness that cannot be ignored. This is not gentle instruction among friends, but power that comes from the warning of impending correction, judgment and wrath. (Job 40:6-14, Psalm 18:6-15)

  • His face was brilliant like the shining sun =

    • 100% of His glory. No one with sin can look upon the face of the Lord and live. (Exodus 33:12-23)

    • The face of Moses glowed from His glory / goodness of the Lord passing by while he stood, covered  by the Lord's hand, in the cleft of the rock on Mt. Horeb [Al Lawz Jebel in Saudi Arabia] (Exodus 34:29-35).

 

v16

  • The right hand of the Son of Man with seven stars

  • The the words from the mouth of the Son of Man was a sharp two-edged sword

    • word of the Lord = His words deliver justice and witness and testimony are the weapon, (Isaiah 11:4, Hebrews 4:12)

    • mouth = the sword is not in his hand, but from his mouth.  The battle or war will not be fought by normal means. (2 Thessalonians 2:8, Revelation 19:21)

    • sharp, two-edged = It is designed to penetrate deep, not slice-off. The tip is very sharp and intended to wound, not deliver a death-blow. Also, the Greek word for double-edged (distomos) = "two mouthed".  The mouth of God and the mouth of the messenger. It also can cut or devours both the one receiving the thrust and the one delivering the thrust. (Proverbs 5:1-5, Isaiah 1:20, Jeremiah 22:22) It is a metaphor for spiritual and moral cutting.

    • sword = symbol of warrior / king / ruler [Offensive weapon used against the enemy] (Ephesians 6:17)

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v17

  • identity of the resurrected Jesus Christ; His holy presence is so overwhelming that the mind and body can only respond by shutting down. Our response is on bended knees. (Philippians 2:9-11) Jesus had to intervene so that John's mind and body could function again.

  • Do not be afraid = Familiar phrase spoken when he walked on water (Matthew 14:27, John 6:20)

  • the First and and Last = (Isaiah 44:6 - He is God and there is no other; Hebrews 12:1-3 - He is the author and perfecter of our faith, 1 Corinthians 15:45 - First Adam)

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v 18

  • The Living one; I was dead, and behold I am alive for ever and ever = (1 Corinthians 15 - God accepted His sacrifice for the forgiveness of sins and God gives eternal life to those who accept Jesus Christ as their Lord and Savior)

  • keys = symbol of authority; dominion over; possession and power over something; to gain access, to open and to shut; a metaphor for government or rule.  Keys were hung by the sash as a sign of authority. (Isaiah 22:20-22)

  • death ("thanatos" in Greek) = physical death

  • Hades (Greek) or Sheol (Hebrew) = spiritual death / grave / underworld [Genesis 37:35, Psalm 139:7-8, Luke 16:19-26] (see Afterlife Slideshow)

    • conscious afterlife of man's soul and spirit; Sheol is a place of the dead in Jewish thought; both good and bad; both Hades and Paradise (Genesis 37:35, 1 Samuel 28:13–14, Psalm 31:17)

    • Like a city; has bars and gates: (Job 17:16, Isaiah 38:10)

    • Place of shadow, silence and forgetfulness; a pit (Psalm 6:5, Psalm 88:10-12, Psalm 115:17; Isaiah 14:9, Isaiah 26:14, Isaiah 38:18)

    • Hades will exist until the event of the Great White Throne of Judgment in Revelation 20:11-15

    • Is it located in the center of the earth?

      • Numbers 16:30–33 "30 But if the Lord brings about something totally new, and the earth opens its mouth and swallows them, with everything that belongs to them, and they go down alive into the realm of the dead [Sheol], then you will know that these men have treated the Lord with contempt.” 31 As soon as he finished saying all this, the ground under them split apart 32 and the earth opened its mouth and swallowed them and their households, and all those associated with Korah, together with their possessions. 33 They went down alive into the realm of the dead [Sheol], with everything they owned; the earth closed over them, and they perished and were gone from the community.

      • Isaiah 7:10-11 "10 Again the Lord spoke to Ahaz, 11 “Ask the Lord your God for a sign, whether in the deepest depths [Sheol] or in the highest heights [hag·beh·ah le·ma·'e·lah - the exalted above.” "

      • Matthew 12:40 "For as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of a huge fish, so the Son of Man will be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth."

      • Ephesians 4:8-10 "8 This is why it says: “When he [Jesus] ascended on high, he took many captives and gave gifts to his people.” [Psalm 68:18] 9 (What does “he ascended” mean except that he also descended to the lower, earthly regions [or depths of the earth]? 10 He who descended is the very one who ascended higher than all the heavens, in order to fill the whole universe.)"

      • I Peter 3:18-22 "18 For Christ died for sin once for all, the righteous for the unrighteous, to bring you to God. He was put to death in the body but made alive in the Spirit. 19 After being made alive, through whom also he went and preached [announced or proclamation] to the imprisoned spirits— 20 to those who were disobedient long ago when God waited patiently in the days of Noah while the ark was being built. In it only a few people, eight in all, were saved through water, 21 and this water symbolizes baptism that now saves you also—not the removal of dirt from the body but the pledge of a clear conscience toward God [Hebrews 10:22]. It saves you by the resurrection of Jesus Christ, 22 who has gone into heaven and is at God’s right hand—with angels, authorities and powers in submission to him."

      • Revelation 5:2-3 "2 And I saw a mighty angel proclaiming in a loud voice, “Who is worthy to break the seals and open the scroll?” 3 But no one in heaven or on earth or under the earth [Sheol or Hades] could open the scroll or even look inside it."

      • Revelation 9:1-2

    • Psalm 139:7-8 "Where can I go from your Spirit? Where can I flee from your presence? 8 If I go up to the heavens [mayim], you are there [not location or temporal, but the fullness of His presence]; if I make my bed in the depths [Sheol], you are there [ditto]." meaning death cannot separate.

    • not the "grave" or a "tomb" ("qeber" in Hebrew) (Isaiah 14:19)

    • not Paradise or third heaven or Abraham's [side] (Luke 16:19-26)

      • It was in close proximity to Hades prior to Jesus ascension (Luke 16:23)

      • Jesus told the repentant thief on the cross that he would be in Paradise (Luke 23:42-43)

      • Jesus had not gone to the Father prior to his ascension in Act 1:9-11 (John 20:17)

      • Paul indicates that Paradise was re-located from Sheol to the 3rd Heaven after Jesus' ascension (2 Corinthians 12:1-4)

      • Paradise is currently where the Tree of Life is located (Revelation 2:7); also the Tree of Life is currently located in the 3rd Heaven (Ezekiel 47:12, Revelation 22:1-2)

    • not Heaven

      • Nehemiah 9:6 "You alone are the Lord. You made the heavens [2nd - hashamayim], even the highest heavens [3rd - shemei hashamayim], and all their starry host [armies/angels], the earth and all that is on it, the seas and all that is in them [1st - sky with water]. You give life to everything, and the multitudes of heaven [another term for "hosts" - see Psalm 103:20, 148:2] worship you."

      • Psalms 148:1-6 "1 ... Praise the Lord from the heavens [2nd - hashamayim]; praise him in the heights above [high lands or mountains]. 2 Praise him, all his angels; praise him, all his heavenly hosts. 3 Praise him, sun and moon; praise him, all you shining stars [2nd - hashamayim]. 4 Praise him, you highest heavens [3rd - shemei hashamayim] and you waters above the skies [1st - sky with water]. 5 Let them praise the name of the Lord, for at his command they were created, 6 and he established them for ever and ever—he issued a decree that will never pass away."

      • First Heaven [sky within Earth's atmosphere where water is located]

        • Genesis 1:6-8 "And God said, “Let there be an expanse [vault or arched firmament known as the atmosphere] between the waters to separate water from water.” 7 So God made the vault and separated the water [liquid water] under the expanse from the water [clouds and vapor] above it. And it was so. 8 God called the expanse “sky.” [1st - sha·ma·yim] And there was evening, and there was morning—the second day.

        • God has perfectly balanced the vacuum of space, with the energy from the Sun, molecules movements and gases in the Earth's atmosphere, with the Earth at just the correct size in order to create an open-system where a state of entropy is held in a sort of equilibrium.  Some say that this equilibrium violates the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics, while other say that because this environment is not a closed-system, it does not violate the 2nd Law.

      • Second Heaven [the vacuum of space and it's universe]

      • Third Heaven [the place where God dwells on His throne]

        • "shamayim" in Hebrew means "the heights" or "ouranos" in Greek means "“that which is elevated” or “that which is lifted up” (Mark 13:32, Revelation 3:12)

    • not Hell or the Lake of Fire after the Great White Throne of Judgment in Revelation 20:11-15 ("gehenna" in Greek and "ge-hinnom" in Hebrew, but this was literally the valley, south of Jerusalem, where they burned trash and refuse); there is not concept of Hell in the Old Testament except possibly Deuteronomy 32:22. (see Jewish perspective on Hell); it is introduced in the New Testament from the teachings of Jesus and afterward. (Matthew 5:22, Mark 9:43)

  • Article on Hell, Sheol, Hades, Paradise, and the Grave by W. Edward Bedore, Th.D.

  • Article on Heaven, Paradise, Sheol, Hell, Hades, Abyss, & Lake of Fire

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