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Time of the Beginning

Genesis - Chapter 01: Creation of the Universe by God

 

How was the universe created? Was it a random event or a planned design? Modern science points to the sudden appearance of the universe—often described as a massive “explosion” of existence.  Yet the First Law of Thermodynamics tells us that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed. In the natural world, you can’t make something from nothing. However, the Holy Bible reveals that God has the power to create ex nihilo—Latin for “out of nothing.”

 

  • Genesis 1:1 “In the beginning God created [bara] the heavens and the earth.”


The Hebrew word “bara” is used when God creates something from nothing. This is different from “yatsar”.

 

  • Genesis 1:27 “So God created [yatsar] mankind in his own image…”


Here, yatsar means forming something from pre-existing material—like Adam, made from the dust of the ground.

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The origins of the universe cannot be explained by an explosion, but it can be explained if one considers humanity, not as the apex species of the world, but as part of a larger design that was created for relationship and given the responsibility to steward what was created.  This record of creation history is found in the Book of Genesis within the Holy Bible and along with God's promise to create a nation (Israel) through Abraham. The Time of Beginning will look through the following linear divisions of history as outlined in Genesis:​

The origins of the universe cannot be fully explained by an impersonal explosion. The biblical account presents creation as an intentional act of God—a designed system with purpose, relationship, and stewardship entrusted to humanity. Scripture consistently affirms that God is the Creator, sustaining both the heavens and the earth.

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  • Genesis 1:1 “In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.”

  • Genesis 2:1-3 “1 Thus the heavens and the earth were completed in all their vast array. 2 By the seventh day God had finished the work he had been doing; so on the seventh day he rested from all his work. 3 And God blessed the seventh day and made it holy, because on it he rested from all the work of creating that he had done.”

  • Job 9:9 ”Who makes the Bear, Orion and the Pleiades, And the chambers of the south.”

  • Job 26:7 "He spreads out the northern skies over empty space; he suspends the earth over nothing."

  • Psalm 8:3 ”When I consider Your heavens, the work of Your fingers, The moon and the stars, which You have ordained.”

  • Psalm 19:6 "It [the sun] rises at one end of the heavens, and makes its circuit [concept of celestial orbit] to the other; nothing is deprived of its warmth."

  • Psalm 33:6 “By the word of the LORD were the heavens made, their starry host by the breath of his mouth.” 

  • Isaiah 40:22 "He sits enthroned above the circle of the earth He stretches out the heavens like a canopy, and spreads them out like a tent to live in."

  • Isaiah 45:12 “It is I who made the earth and created mankind on it. My own hands stretched out the heavens; I marshaled their starry hosts.”

  • Nehemiah 9:6 “You alone are the Lord. You have made the heavens, the heaven of heavens with all their host, the earth and all that is on it, the seas and all that is in them. You give life to all of them, and the heavenly host bows down before You.

  • Jeremiah 31:35 “Thus says the Lord, Who gives the sun for light by day, And the fixed order of the moon and the stars for light by night, Who stirs up the sea so that its waves roar; The Lord of hosts is His name.”

  • Amos 5:8 “He who made the Pleiades and Orion, And changes deep darkness into morning, Who also darkens day into night, Who calls for the waters of the sea, And pours them out on the surface of the earth, The Lord is His name.”

  • John 1:1-3 “1 In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. 2 He was with God in the beginning. 3 Through him all things were made; without him nothing was made that has been made.”

  • Romans 1:20 “For since the creation of the world God's invisible qualities--his eternal power and divine nature--have been clearly seen, being understood from what has been made, so that men are without excuse.”

  • Colossians 1:16 “For by him all things were created: things in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or powers or rulers or authorities; all things were created by him and for him.”

  • Hebrews 11:3 “By faith we understand that the universe was formed at God's command, so that what is seen was not made out of what was visible.”

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Conclusion
The Bible presents the creation of the universe as the work of an all-powerful, intelligent Creator—not a product of chance. It was purposeful, relational, and entrusted to humanity for stewardship. This aligns with the concept of "bara"—God’s unique ability to bring everything into existence from nothing.

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HST-SM4
JWST

How Far Can We See into the Universe?
Aside from the bias, agendas, and omissions that can shape the scientific narrative, we can only know what is observed and measured. Humanity’s reach into the heavens has expanded through the use of space-based telescopes.

    1990 – Launch of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), upgraded through several missions.
    2022 – Launch of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), providing even deeper and more detailed images.

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Size of the Observable Universe
Light travels at 186,000 miles per second. One light-year (LY) equals 5.8746 × 10¹² miles traveled in one year (including terminologies from Star Wars and Star Trek). Below are telescope milestones:

Year & Telescope View                           Distance in Miles                 Distance in Light-Years

1990 – Hubble Viewpoint                       5.8746 × 10²¹                        1,000,000,000 LY

1993 – Hubble Wide Field                      5.8746 × 10²¹                         1,000,000,000 LY

1995 – Hubble Ultra Deep Field            2.3498 × 10²²                         1,631,894,806 LY

2004 – Hubble Ultra Deep Field            4.0 × 10²²                               6,808,955,365 LY

2010 – Hubble Ultra Deep Field-IR       5.8746 × 10²²                        10,000,000,000 LY

2012 – Hubble eXtreme Deep Field       7.7544 × 10²²                         13,200,000,000 LY

2022 – JWST Deep Field                         7.9 × 10²²                               13,447,686,846 LY

Biblical Perspective
For the Christian, even if a “big bang” occurred, the Bible makes it clear that the universe and everything in it was created by God in six (6) literal days.
 

  • Genesis 1:31-2:1 "31 God saw all that he had made, and it was very good. And there was evening, and there was morning—the sixth day... 1 Thus the heavens and the earth were completed in all their vast array."

  • Revelation 4:11 “You are worthy, our Lord and God, to receive glory and honor and power, for you created all things, and by your will they were created and have their being.”


This record is not symbolic poetry—it is presented as history.

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The Big Bang Theory
Proposed in 1927 by Father Georges Lemaître, the Big Bang theory suggests the universe began as a single point and has been expanding ever since. It predicts that distant galaxies should be:
 

  • Young, smooth, and homogeneous

  • Larger in apparent size

  • Fewer in number

  • Dull in brightness

  • Having higher red-shift values

  • Receding away

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What Hubble & JWST Observed
Contrary to expectations, the telescopes have shown:

  • Galaxies appear mature, not primitive

  • Great variation in size, often larger than predicted

  • Many galaxies at far distances

  • Bright, highly detailed structures

  • Even nearby galaxies can have high red-shift values

  • no clear evidence of constant expansion

 

Articles and interviews about the findings can be found here from ScienceNew, the Institute for Creation Research (ICR) and www.creationism.org. Some secular scientists have admitted that this challenges the standard model. One astrophysicist, interviewed on PBS, acknowledged the need to find “new ways of getting stars and galaxies to assemble very quickly after the Big Bang”—in other words, forcing the theory to fit the data.

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Age of the Universe


This shift questions the reliability of red-shift as a distance and expansion measure.

Other scientific dating methods—such as radio-carbon dating, evolutionary theory and geologic theory — have been used to date the earth at about 4.54 billion years old.

 

By contrast, a literal reading of Scripture yields a far younger age.

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Genesis - Chapter 02: Creation of Humanity by God

​The Bible records that God formed humanity as the pinnacle of His creation—not through millions of years of random processes, but by His direct act.
 

  • Genesis 2:7 “Then the LORD God formed the man from the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and the man became a living being.”

  • Genesis 2:21–22 “So the LORD God caused the man to fall into a deep sleep; and while he was sleeping, He took one of the man’s ribs and then closed up the place with flesh. Then the LORD God made a woman from the rib He had taken out of the man, and He brought her to the man.”


This account presents humanity as created in God’s image (imago Dei), male and female, from the very beginning—distinct from all other creatures.

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​The Theory of Evolution
The theory of evolution is a postulated, unobservable process built on assumptions rather than empirical proof. It proposes that life developed from simple forms into more complex organisms through random mutation and natural selection over millions of years.

While widely taught in academia, it substantially departs from the scientific method of observable, repeatable, and measurable processes.

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Foundation of the Theory of Evolution – a House built on Shifting Sand
1. Fossil Record

  • Evolutionary Claim: The fossil record shows gradual development of life through transitional forms, assuming gradual mutation over vast time.

  • Biblical Counterpoint:

    • Absence of Transitional Fossils: Charles Darwin himself admitted in On the Origin of Species that the fossil record’s lack of intermediate forms for macro-evolution was a major problem. Today, despite massive fossil collections, clear “in-between” examples remain missing. To explain this absence, some suggest “punctuated equilibrium”—large leaps in change rather than gradual progression.

    • Cambrian Explosion: In Cambrian rock layers, fully formed, complex creatures appear suddenly, with no evolutionary precursors. This is consistent with creation but not gradual evolution.

    • Living Fossils: Creatures like the coelacanth, horseshoe crab, and ginkgo tree appear identical to their fossilized ancestors supposedly hundreds of millions of years old—showing stasis, not transformation.


2. Radiometric Dating

  • Evolutionary Claim: Radiometric dating accurately determines the ages of rocks and fossils using methods including carbon-14, uranium-lead, potassium-argon, rubidium-strontium, and others.

  • Biblical Counterpoint:

    • Assumptions Required: Dating methods assume:

      • Known starting amounts of parent/daughter isotopes.

      • No loss or gain of isotope material during decay over time.

      • Constant decay rates.

    • Contradictory Results: Rocks from Mount St. Helens’ 1980 eruption were dated at hundreds of thousands to millions of years old using radiometric methods—yet they are known to be less than 50 years old.

    • C-14 in “Ancient” Samples: Detectable carbon-14 has been found in coal and diamonds supposedly millions to billions of years old. Since carbon-14 decays quickly (half-life ~5,730 years), such findings indicate these materials are young.


3. Increasing Complexity Through Mutation

  • Evolutionary Claim: Random mutations add new information, leading from simple to complex life.

  • Biblical Counterpoint:

    • Loss, Not Gain: Most observed mutations degrade genetic information or cause neutral changes, not new structures or functions.

    • Irreducible Complexity: Systems like the bacterial flagellum, the human eye, and blood clotting require all parts to be present at once to function—making gradual assembly impossible.

    • Information Origin Problem: DNA contains coded information like a language. Random chance has never been shown to generate a functional code system.


4. Natural Selection

 
5. Neanderthals

  • Evolutionary Claim: Neanderthals were primitive evolutionary ancestors of modern humans.

  • Biblical Counterpoint:


6. Population Numbers


7. Archaeological Record

  • Observation: No known human civilizations older than about ~4,000 years (or ~2,500 BC).

  • Biblical Significance:

    • Fits the biblical timeline from Adam to Noah to Babel.

    • The earliest sites (e.g., Jericho, Mesopotamian cities) are consistent with post-Flood dispersal.


8. Geologic Methods

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​9. Genetic Entropy

  • Evolutionary Claim: Over time, mutations and natural selection improve species, increasing genetic diversity and complexity.

  • Biblical Counterpoint:

    • Observed Trend is Decay, Not Improvement: Geneticist Dr. John Sanford (Cornell University) has shown that mutations accumulate faster than they can be removed by natural selection—a process called genetic entropy. This means genomes degrade over time rather than evolve into greater complexity.

    • No Net Gain of Functional Information: While adaptation is real, there is no verified mechanism for adding entirely new, functional genetic code to the genome through natural processes.

    • Biblical Fit: The Bible explains genetic decline as a consequence of the Fall (Genesis 3), when death and decay entered creation. Human lifespans shortened over generations (Genesis 5–11), consistent with genetic degradation.


10. Human Uniqueness

  • Evolutionary Claim: Human mental and moral capacities developed gradually from ape-like ancestors (believed 1% difference from chimp genome after humanizing sequence first and leaving out 1.3 billion sequences).

  • Biblical Counterpoint:

    • Distinct from Animals: Humans possess language, abstract reasoning, morality, and an inherent sense of eternity (Ecclesiastes 3:11), none of which can be fully explained by material processes.

    • Image of God: Genesis 1:27 states that man and woman were created in the image of God (imago Dei), giving humans spiritual capacity and moral accountability.

    • Culture and Creativity: The earliest human records (e.g., Genesis 4:21–22) show music, metallurgy, and city building—appearing suddenly and fully formed, not gradually.

    • Moral Law: Romans 2:14–15 describes God’s law written on human hearts, explaining universal moral awareness.


11. Global Flood Evidence

  • Evolutionary Claim: Fossil layers represent millions of years of slow deposition under various local conditions.

  • Biblical Counterpoint:

    • Fossil Graveyards: Vast deposits of mixed species (marine and terrestrial) are consistent with a violent global flood.

    • Marine Fossils on Mountains: Shellfish and other marine fossils appear high in the Himalayas, Andes, and other mountain ranges—evidence of once-submerged land uplifted after a flood.

    • Rapid Sediment Layers: Thick, uniform sedimentary rock layers stretch across continents, indicating rapid deposition on a global scale.

    • Biblical Account: Genesis 6–9 records a worldwide flood that would produce these geological features.


12. Cultural Memory of Creation

  • Evolutionary Claim: Creation and flood stories are independent myths developed by separate cultures.

  • Biblical Counterpoint:

    • Global Consistency: Nearly every ancient civilization—Sumerian, Babylonian, Chinese, Mayan, Native American—has legends of a great flood and a first human couple. Many of these match key elements of the Genesis account (e.g., a righteous man saved in a boat, destruction of the world by water).

    • Common Origin: These similarities suggest a shared historical memory from early humanity before dispersing after Babel (Genesis 11).

    • Distortion Over Time: While details vary, the core themes remain, showing how the true history recorded in Genesis was preserved accurately through God’s revelation, even as other cultures altered it.​

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Genesis - Chapters 03 - 04: Sin and the Separation of Humanity from God

 

Context​

Genesis 3–4 recounts humanity’s rebellion in Eden, the resulting curse, and the widening separation from God that follows. It’s the pivot point of Scripture: the moment when God’s perfect creation is fractured by sin, yet also the moment when the first prophecy of redemption is given.

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  • Genesis 3:14-15 "14 So the Lord God said to the serpent, “Because you have done this, “Cursed are you above all livestock and all wild animals! You will crawl on your belly and you will eat dust all the days of your life. 15 And I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your offspring and hers; he will crush your head, and you will strike his heel.”

    • "Lord God" = in Hebrew "Yehovah Elohim" means (Yehovah) - the formal divine name of God and (Elohim) - plural form, singular verb

      • Pre-incarnate Jesus Christ, since God is spirit and covered in light. Scripture also affirms Christ as the visible manifestation of the invisible God.

        • Psalm 104:2 "The Lord wraps himself in light as with a garment; he stretches out the heavens like a tent."

        • John 4:24 "God is spirit, and his worshipers must worship in the Spirit and in truth.”

        • Colossians 1:15 "The Son is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn over all creation."

    • "serpent" = perhaps once looked like a dragon, but due to Satan was cursed to crawl on ground

      • 2 Corinthians 11:3 "But I am afraid that just as Eve was deceived by the serpent’s cunning, your minds may somehow be led astray from your sincere and pure devotion to Christ."

      • Revelation 12:9 "The great dragon was hurled down—that ancient serpent called the devil, or Satan, who leads the whole world astray. He was hurled to the earth, and his angels with him."

      • Revelation 20:2 "He seized the dragon, that ancient serpent, who is the devil, or Satan, and bound him for a thousand years."

    • "enmity" in Hebrew "ve'eivah" means a divinely imposed hostility between two parties

      • 1st Party

        • "between you" = Serpent / Satan

        • "the woman" = Mary / Nation of Israel

          • Isaiah 7:14 "Therefore the Lord himself will give you a sign: The virgin will conceive and give birth to a son, and will call him Immanuel."

          • Revelation 12:1-4 "1 A great sign appeared in heaven: a woman clothed with the sun, with the moon under her feet and a crown of twelve stars on her head. 2 She was pregnant and cried out in pain as she was about to give birth. 3 Then another sign appeared in heaven: an enormous red dragon with seven heads and ten horns and seven crowns on its heads. 4 Its tail swept a third of the stars out of the sky and flung them to the earth. The dragon stood in front of the woman who was about to give birth, so that it might devour her child the moment he was born."

      • 2nd Party

        • "your offspring (seed)" = Anti-Christ

          • Daniel 8:23-25 "23 “In the latter part of their reign, when rebels have become completely wicked, a fierce-looking king, a master of intrigue, will arise. 24 He will become very strong, but not by his own power. He will cause astounding devastation and will succeed in whatever he does. He will destroy those who are mighty, the holy people. 25 He will cause deceit to prosper, and he will consider himself superior. When they feel secure, he will destroy many and take his stand against the Prince of princes. Yet he will be destroyed, but not by human power."

          • 2 Thessalonians 2:1-4 "1 Concerning the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ and our being gathered to him, we ask you, brothers and sisters, 2 not to become easily unsettled or alarmed by the teaching allegedly from us—whether by a prophecy or by word of mouth or by letter—asserting that the day of the Lord has already come. 3 Don’t let anyone deceive you in any way, for that day will not come until the rebellion occurs and the man of lawlessness is revealed, the man doomed to destruction. 4 He will oppose and will exalt himself over everything that is called God or is worshiped, so that he sets himself up in God’s temple, proclaiming himself to be God."

          • Revelation 17:8 "8 The beast, which you saw, once was, now is not, and yet will come up out of the Abyss and go to its destruction. The inhabitants of the earth whose names have not been written in the book of life from the creation of the world will be astonished when they see the beast, because it once was, now is not, and yet will come."

        • "hers (seed)" = Eve's descendant, incarnate Jesus Christ; NOTE: only man has a seed / sin comes from man. Her seed was the Holy Spirit.

          • Matthew 1:20 "But after he had considered this, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream and said, “Joseph son of David, do not be afraid to take Mary home as your wife, because what is conceived in her is from the Holy Spirit."

          • Galatians 4:4 "But when the set time had fully come, God sent his Son, born of a woman, born under the law,"

    • "crush your head" = Satan will be defeated and the curse of separation from God is removed by redemption through Jesus who overcame the power of death.

      • Psalm 16:8-11 "8 I keep my eyes always on the Lord. With him at my right hand, I will not be shaken.
        9 Therefore my heart is glad and my tongue rejoices; my body also will rest secure, 10 because you will not abandon me to the realm of the dead, nor will you let your faithful[a] one see decay. 11 You make known to me the path of life; you will fill me with joy in your presence, with eternal pleasures at your right hand."

      • Acts 2:27-31 "27 because you will not abandon me to the realm of the dead, you will not let your holy one see decay. 28 You have made known to me the paths of life; you will fill me with joy in your presence.’ 29 “Fellow Israelites, I can tell you confidently that the patriarch David died and was buried, and his tomb is here to this day. 30 But he was a prophet and knew that God had promised him on oath that he would place one of his descendants on his throne. 31 Seeing what was to come, he spoke of the resurrection of the Messiah, that he was not abandoned to the realm of the dead, nor did his body see decay."

      • Ephesians 4:8-10 " 8 This is why it says: “When he ascended on high, he took many captives and gave gifts to his people.” 9 (What does “he ascended” mean except that he also descended to the lower, earthly regions? 10 He who descended is the very one who ascended higher than all the heavens, in order to fill the whole universe.)"

      • Revelation 1:18 "I am the Living One; I was dead, and now look, I am alive for ever and ever! And I hold the keys of death and Hades."

    • "strike his heel" = The same heel that defeats Satan will be wounded fatally.

      • Judas will submit to Satan's influence to betray Jesus, leading to his death on the cross; fulfilled prophecy through lament of betrayal by sharing bread with a close friend, even though Jesus knew Judas' heart

        • Psalm 41:9 "Even my close friend, someone I trusted, one who shared my bread, has turned against me."

        • John 13:18 "“I am not referring to all of you; I know those I have chosen. But this is to fulfill this passage of Scripture: ‘He who shared my bread has turned against me."

      • Jacob, whose name means "deceiver" grabbed his brothers heels at birth.  The word Jacob or Yaqov comes directly from the word "aqev" meaning "heel".  Jacob, metaphorically speaking, "lifted his heel" against Esau to obtain not only his firstborn birthright, but the firstborn's blessing from Isaac, their father. Jacob would prophecy against two of his sons as "heel-strikers", Dan (Genesis 49:16-17) and Gad (Genesis 49:19).

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A. Babylonian Temptation Seal

  • Type: Cylinder seal (small engraved stone rolled on clay to create an image) from ancient Mesopotamia. The resemblance is striking enough that many scholars (especially in the 19th–20th century) proposed it as evidence of a shared origin story between the Hebrew Scriptures and Mesopotamian tradition. 

  • Approximate Date: Often placed around 2250 B.C.

  • Imagery:

    • A seated man and woman facing each other.

    • A fruit-bearing tree between them.

    • A serpent positioned behind the woman.

  • Surface Similarities with Genesis 3

    • Two Human Figures – Echoes Adam and Eve

    • Tree at the Center – Suggests a source of food or knowledge.

    • Serpent Figure – Positioned to interact with the woman, recalling the tempter in Genesis.

    • Setting of Conversation – Similar to Eve’s exchange with the serpent.

  • Article No.1 - Armstrong Institute of Biblical Archaeology, Early Cylinder Seals and the Garden of Eden by Christopher Eames dated September 1, 2019

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B. Chinese Language Hints of Genesis

Early Chinese pictographs appear to preserve concepts from creation, which suggests a pre-Abrahamic awareness of Genesis-like events embedded in the earliest stages of Chinese writing:

Temptation Seal
Chinese - Garden

Genesis - Chapter 05: Genealogy from Adam to Noah

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Below is a Masoretic Text’s genealogy from Adam to Noah, detailing each patriarch’s age when fathering the next in the line, and their total lifespan. The timeline begins with Adam in 4114 BC and proceeds through Seth, Enosh, Kenan, Mahalalel, Jared, Enoch, Methuselah, and Lamech, culminating in the birth of Noah in 3058 BC. This genealogy is a classic example of a chrono-genealogy—a biblical list that uses precise ages to form a continuous timeline from Creation forward. When the lifespans and fatherhood ages are added together, the Masoretic Text yields about 1,656 years from Creation to the Flood.

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NAME

Adam

Seth

Enosh

Kenan

Mahalaleh

Jared

Enoch

Methuselah

Lamech

Noah

BIRTH

0

4114 - 130 =

3984 - 105 =

3879 - 090 =

3789 - 070 =

3719 - 065 =

3654 - 162 =

3492 - 065 =

3427 - 187 =

3240 - 182 =

BORN

4114

3984

3879

3789

3719

3654

3492

3427

3240

3058

AGE

- 930 =

- 912 =

- 905 =

- 910 =

- 895 =

- 962 =

- 365 =

- 969 =

- 777 =

- 950 =

DIED

3184

3072

2974

2879

2824

2692

3127

2458

2463

2108

VERSES

Genesis 5:3-5

Genesis 5:6-8

Genesis 5:9-11

Genesis 5:12-14

Genesis 5:15-17

Genesis 5:18-20

Genesis 5:21-24

Genesis 5:25-27

Genesis 5:28-31

Genesis 5:28-29

Some things to consider about the information above:

1.  Adam was created, not born.

2.  Enoch was taken into heaven by God; he did not die on earth.

3.  Methuselah died in the year of the Flood event.

4.  The meaning of each name is a message from God to man: Adam (Man), Seth (Appointed), Enosh (Mortal), Kenan (Sorrow), Mahalaleh (Blessed or Praised God), Jared (Come Down or Descend), Enoch (Teaching), Methuselah (Death Shall Bring), Lamech (Disparing), and Noah (Rest or Comfort).

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"Man is appointed mortal sorrow.  The Blessed or Praised God shall come down or descend, teaching that his death shall bring the disparing rest or comfort."

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For a Horizontal Timeline of Adam to Noah, click here.

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